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Latvia

The working poor. Small-scale industry often employs people in inferior conditions, thus aggravating inequalities. © Desislava Kulelieva/The World Bank
10 March 2010

Patterns of social exclusion and inclusion in Central and Eastern Europe¹

This article analyses the differing social development paths pursued by the Visegrád and Baltic countries after the fall of the Berlin Wall, with a focus on Latvia and Hungary. The authors argue that Hungary’s elites pursued a...

Topics: Poverty, Social inclusion, Hungary , Latvia , Poverty Reduction , Employment, Global economic crisis, Economic growth, Social services, Data, Social policies, Income inequality, Ethnic minorities, Roma, Macroenomic policy, Globalization, Foreign direct investment, Social security

Moldova witnessed the eruption of violent protests following the recent parliamentary elections in which the Moldovan Communist Party triumphed decisively. © Tomas van Houtryve/Panos Pictures

Crisis-related social mobilization in transition states

An analysis of selected countries in Eastern Europe and Latin America reveals that economic crises can be triggers for mass protest, but they are not the only determinants.

Topics: Conflict, Financial crisis, Georgia , Latvia , Moldova , Ukraine , The Regional Impact of the Global Economic Crisis, Poverty Reduction , Global economic crisis, Young people, Social mobilization, Citizen participation, Crisis prevention and recovery

Will the economic slump place excessive pressure on Europe’s new democracies? © UNDP Ukraine

Will democracy survive the economic slump in Central and Eastern Europe?

To what extent will the economic problems in Central and Eastern Europe test region’s commitment to democracy?

Topics: State reform, Democratic governance, Latvia , Reform of the State, Democracy, Global financial crisis, Central and Eastern Europe, Economic crisis

Officials have made efforts to fight corruption, but much remains to be done. © UNDP Romania

Designing anticorruption institutions in Central and Eastern Europe

Governance problems in Eastern Europe will not be resolved by more institutional innovation in the anticorruption field

Topics: State reform, Democratic governance, Bulgaria , Latvia , Reform of the State, Governance, EU accession, Corruption, Baltic states, Anticorruption institutions, Eastern Europe

Father and son ponder what opportunities could arise from Lithuania joining the European Union. © UNDP Lithuania

Eurozone entry of new EU member states from Central Europe

Estonia, Lithuania and Slovenia hope to become members of the Euro area by January 2007; Latvia targets full membership in 2008 and Slovakia hopes to join the Eurozone in 2009. Is this likely?

Topics: European Union, EU Neighbourhood , Latvia , Lithuania , Slovak Republic , EU Enlargement and the Wider Neighbourhood, Regional EU Cooperation, EU accession, Slovenia, Estonia, Macroeconomic policy, New EU member states, Eurozone