Poverty and Inequality

© Alessandro Weiss von Trostprugg/Flickr
05 November 2010

Human Development in Eastern Europe and the CIS since 1990

People have enjoyed greater freedoms and opportunities during transition in Eastern Europe and the CIS. But have they seen improvements in their living standards?

Topics: Human development, Social inclusion, Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Reduction , Economic growth, Social services, Data, Human development report, Quality of life, Human development index, Caucasus, Regional disparity, Central and Eastern Europe, Privatization, Economic development, Central Asia

Mart Laar introduced many reforms in Estonia, including the flat tax.

Interview with Mart Laar on flat taxes

According to the former Prime Minister of Estonia, flat taxes work well because they are simple, fair, and support the motivation of people to work more and to plan for their future. A progressive tax system, by contrast, is...

Topics: Poverty, Inequality, Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Reduction , Tax system, Economic growth, Income inequality, Competitiveness, Informal economy

A drilling station in the Karakalpak region of Uzbekistan extracts natural gas for the Uchsay district. © Anatoliy Rakhimbayev/The World Bank

Utility tariffs and the political economy of social policy

Many have argued that social purposes should be kept out of sectors seeking private investment, but this position may be too doctrinaire. A social tariff might not raise political risk compared with the alternatives.

Topics: Poverty, Inequality, Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Reduction , Employment, Service delivery, Income inequality, Social policy, Social assistance, Informal economy, Utilities

Farming provides jobs for a considerable share of people in Poland. © UNDP Poland

Poland’s very difficult labour market

Poland is regarded as one of the most successful transition economies. But it is also one of two countries in the Europe and CIS region in which absolute poverty rates have risen in recent years.

Topics: Poverty, Inequality, Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Reduction , Employment, Economic growth, Social policies, Income inequality, Governance, Poland, Education, Decentralization, Informal economy, Institutional capacity, Social inclusion

This man’s struggle to sell his potatoes provides a glimpse into the lives of the country’s poor. © Yosef Hadar/The World Bank

Serbian regional inequalities in access to jobs

A group of researchers has designed a methodology that would use all available relevant determinants to measure the relative labour market position for each of Serbia’s regions.

Topics: Poverty, Inequality, Serbia , Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Reduction , Employment, Social policy, Regional disparity

Gender equality could help to lower poverty in Turkey. © Bunyad Dinc /The World Bank

Inequality in poor households in Turkey: Does only gender matter?

Policies that promote greater equality are expected to lower poverty; however, if such policies fail to take into account internal household dynamics, they may actually reinforce inequalities within the same household.

Topics: Poverty, Inequality, Turkey , Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Reduction , Employment, Income inequality, Gender equality, Social inclusion

Only a small percentage of Belarusian farmers own the land that they work. © UNDP Belarus

Poverty reduction in Belarus: Experience and lessons

The Belarusian government’s socially oriented policies have contributed to rapid growth of real income, to almost full employment and the reduction of poverty to one of the lowest levels in the CIS.

Topics: Poverty, Inequality, Belarus , Poverty and Inequality, Poverty Reduction , Employment, Social services, Income inequality, Vulnerable groups, Social policy, Human development index, Social assistance, Rural poverty, Poverty reduction strategy